Southgate leads his side to Hungary and Germany next week, before welcoming Euro 2020 final foes Italy and Hungary to Molineux as the national team goes on the road.
Uncapped Bowen was widely expected to be included in the squad after his brilliant form for West Ham this season and now he has a chance to make his Three Lions debut.
Justin, who is primarily a right-back but has been used at left-back too this season, only returned to the Leicester City side in January after a one-year absence with injury – but the former under-21 international could soon get his first England senior cap.
Liverpool captain Henderson is probably one of the most shocking omissions but England boss Southgate did leave out Manchester City defender Kyle Walker in March to get some rest before bringing him back for this set of matches.
Serie A winner Fikayo Tomori made made an excellent case to be involved with his performances for AC Milan this season and he will get a chance to build on his two caps next month.
Full squad:
Goalkeepers: Jordan Pickford (Everton), Nick Pope (Burnley), Aaron Ramsdale (Arsenal)
Defenders: Trent Alexander-Arnold (Liverpool), Conor Coady (Wolves), Marc Guehi (Crystal Palace), Reece James (Chelsea), James Justin (Leicester City), Harry Maguire (Manchester United), John Stones (Manchester City), Fikayo Tomori (AC Milan), Kieran Trippier (Newcastle United), Kyle Walker (Manchester City), Ben White (Arsenal).
Midfielders: Jude Bellingham (Borussia Dortmund), Conor Gallagher (Chelsea), Mason Mount (Chelsea), Kalvin Phillips (Leeds United), Declan Rice (West Ham), James Ward-Prowse (Southampton).
Forwards: Tammy Abraham (Roma), Jarrod Bowen (West Ham), Phil Foden (Manchester City), Jack Grealish (Manchester City), Harry Kane (Tottenham), Bukayo Saka (Arsenal), Raheem Sterling (Manchester City).